Provisional Government of Azad Hind (Free India)

• On 21 October 1943, Subhash Chandra Bose announced the formation of the Provisional Government of Azad Hind (Free India) as a government-in-exile in Singapore.

• Subhash Chandra Bose was the Head of State, Prime Minister and Minister of War.

• The Provisional Government not only enabled Bose to negotiate with the Japanese on an equal footing but also facilitated the mobilisation of Indians in East Asia to join and support the INA. 

• Soon after the announcement, the Provisional Government received recognition from various countries.

Mahalwari Settlement-1822

• In the North Western Provinces of the Bengal Presidency (most of this area is now in Uttar Pradesh), an Englishman called Holt Mackenzie devised the new system of revenue system which came into effect in 1822 called known as the Mahalwari Settlement.

• Holt Mackenzie felt that the village was an important social institution in north Indian society and needed to be preserved.

• Under this system the estimated revenue of each plot within a village was added up to calculate the revenue that each village (mahal) had to pay. This demand was to be revised periodically, not permanently fixed. 

• The charge of collecting the revenue and paying it to the Company was given to the village headman, rather than the zamindar.

The Ryotwari Settlement of Thomas Munro

• The  Ryotwari Settlement introduced in 1820 also called as Munro system. Under this system, tevenue settlement, were made directly with the cultivators (ryots) who had tilled the land for generations. 

• Their fields had to be carefully and separately surveyed before the revenue assessment was made. This system was implemented in southern states of Indian British territories and instead of the idea of Permanent Settlement.

• It was tried on a small scale by Captain Alexander Read on some areas taken over by the Company after the wars with Tipu Sultan. 

• Subsequently developed by Thomas Munro, this system was gradually extended all over south India and the devised system came to be known as the ryotwar (or ryotwari ). Munro thought that the British should act as paternal father figures protecting the ryots under their charge.

Which one of the following High Courts has jurisdiction over the largest number of States?

   Which one of the following High Courts has jurisdiction over the largest number of States ?

             (a) The Gauhati High Court                  (b) Calcutta High Court

             (c) High Court of Kerala                        (d) High Court of Bombay

Answer: Click

·       Which one of the following High Courts has jurisdiction over the largest number of States ?

             (a) The Gauhati High Court                  (b) Calcutta High Court

             (c) High Court of Kerala                        (d) High Court of Bombay

Answer is (a) The Gauhati High Court.: The Gauhati High Court has jurisdiction over the largest number of states among the options provided. It has jurisdiction over the states of Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram, and Arunachal Pradesh. Therefore, it covers a larger geographical area compared to the other High Courts listed in the options.

What is Internet of Things(IoTs)?

•  IoT (IoTs) is a collection of autonomous things, a system of interconnected computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals, or people with unique identifiers and thus the ability to transmit data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. 

• IoTs is a new pattern that includes the existing presence of different devices. It is one of the latest technologies that provide global connectivity, management of sensors, users and information.

• The term "Internet of Things or IoT" was coined independently by Kevin Ashton of Procter & Gamble, later of MIT's Auto-ID Center, in 1999.

• The concept came into light in 2005 after publication of Primary Testimony on the Topic i.e., ‘IoT’  by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 

• Gartner describes IoT as network of physical objects that contain embedded technology to talk, sense, or interact with their internal states or the external environment. 

• “The IoT” is described as “” Cisco describes IoTs as “the Internet of All” (IoE). IoTs are also known as “Embedded Internet” by Intel, and other words for IoTs include, M2M (Machine to machine) communication, Web of Things, Industry 4.0, Industrial internet (of Things) etc.

• An IoT attack is a compromise of an Internet of Things (IoT) system. This can include devices, networks, data, and users. A cybercriminal can launch an IoT attack to steal information. They can take over an automated or IoT system, and shut it down. Clone ID and Sybil Attacks are well known routing attacks on IoTs.

FINANCIAL ACTION TASK FORCE (FATF)

• Establishment: FATF was established in 1989 during a G7 summit held in Paris.

• Initial Mandate: Its primary objective was to combat money laundering globally.

• First Meeting: The inaugural meeting took place in Paris in 1989.

• Forty Recommendations: In 1990, FATF issued Forty Recommendations to provide a framework for anti-money laundering efforts.

• Expansion: Over time, FATF expanded its focus to include combating the financing of terrorism (CFT).

• Global Influence: FATF sets international standards for AML/CFT efforts, widely adopted by countries worldwide.

• Mutual Evaluations: Conducts peer reviews to assess member countries' compliance with FATF standards.

• Public Statements: Issues public statements identifying countries with deficiencies in AML/CFT regimes.

Bombyx Mori or Silk Worm

• The commercial silk is obtained from cocoons secreted by the salivary glands of Bombyx mori, commonly known as the silkworm. 

• It is a species of moth whose larvae produce silk fibers. These fibers are spun into cocoons as part of the silkworm's natural life cycle. 

• The silk fibers are harvested from these cocoons and processed into various commercial products, making Bombyx mori the primary source of commercial silk production.