(A) Lord Curzon
(B) Lord Ripon
(C) Lord Dufferin
(D) Lord Minto
Answer : (C)
Explanation : In 1888, Lord Dufferin in a public speech attacked Indian National Congress and ridiculed it saying that Congress is representing only a few elite and called it "a microscopic minority".
(A) Bangladesh
(B) Nepal
(C) Bhutan
(D) Sri Lanka
Answer: (B)
Explanation: Dashain festival is grandest festival of Nepal. Dashain festival is actually Vijaya Dahsmi or Dasahara which is great Hindu festival celebrated in India.
It marked the beginning of modern or western education in India. The Act sanctioned Rs.1.00 Lakhs for education. Three Sanskrit Colleges at Calcutta, Delhi and Agra were set up.
It is very famous minute which
ended the hot debate of Orientalist Vs Anglicist debate. The minutes decided
the medium of education as “English medium” because Lord Macaulay wanted to create
an Indian Class which is Indian in blood and color but English in tastes, in moral,
opinion and intellect.
Wood’s Dispatch of 1854 is also
called Magna Carta of English Education in India. It was very comprehensive and
given responsibility of education to the masses to the Government. It
established hierarchy from primary education to higher education and proposed
vernacular language as the medium of education at primary level in villages, Anglo-vernacular
medium at high school level and recommended English language as medium of
education of Higher Education. In 1857, Universities at Calcutta, Bombay and
Madras was set up.
This Education Commission was appointed
under the chairmanship of W.W. Hunter to review the progress in the education
after implementation of the Wood’s Dispatch. This commission primarily focused
it recommendation at primary and secondary level.
Raleigh Commission was appointed
in 1902 to look into the possibility to establish Universities in India. Based
on the recommendation of this commission, in 1904 the Indian Universities Act,
1904 came into existence.
Primarily the objective of this
Commission was to look after different issues in Calcutta University. However, its
recommendations were implemented in all other Universities.
Hartog Committee was constituted
in 1929 to look after the issues behind deteriorating education standards due
to increase in number of students.
This Scheme was formulated by
Congress party at its national conference held at Wardha in 1937. The scheme
proposed by Zakir Hussain Committee proposed change in basic education and
linked it with some vocational training i.e. learning through activity such as
education of handicraft etc. But this scheme was not got realized.
Unlike other Committee or
Commission which reviewed the past policies, the Sergeant Plan on education was
formulated to look after future challenges in education via a long-term plan. The
plan recommended pre-primary education for child of 3-6 years age and
universal, compulsory, free primary education or basic education between the
ages of 6-14 years. This report was not accepted and severely criticized because the report had projected 40 years of for attaining universalization of
primary education.
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Yes, a Candidate possessing Degree in Bachelor of Arts (BA) from any recognized University by the Government of India or a State Government is eligible for sitting in the prestigious Combined Defense Services Examinations(CDSE) Conducted by Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) at Graduate Level for selecting Officers for all three wings of the Armed forces i.e. Indian Army, Indian Air Force, Indian Navy and OTA. Though, the different branches in our Armed forces may require specialization in any subjects such as Engineering, Mathematics or Physics etc for including as Officer. In this case, a candidate’s choice become restricted. But INDIAN ARMY Welcomes every talent 😀!!
The Central Secretariat of Government of India is run by officials from Central Secretariat Services (CSS). It is one of the few organization in India which has its own cadre. CSS is considered one of the best organized cadre in Services just like Indian Administrative Services (IAS) or Indian Police Services etc. CSS Officials Comprises all category of posts from Group A to C (Group D posts do not exists). The officer class of CSS is comprises Group A and Group B Gazetted Officer of CSS own cadre and Officers on Deputation from All India Services, Central Organizations and at some time from State Government.
One can enter into CSS from two ways. (i) At Group B and Below Rank Level (ii) At the Gazetted Level
(i) All Group B and below rank Officials in the CSS are recruited through Staff Selection Commission (SSC) a Central Recruiting Agency under the Department of Personnel Training (DoPT), Government of India. SSC conducts exam at Graduate Level viz. Combined Graduate Level Examination (CGLE) after passing through which one can directly enter into CSS as Assistant Section Officer (ASO). Passing the same exam but if one get low rank, then still he can enters into CSS as Upper Division Clerk (UDC) or Senior Secretariat Assistant (SSA).
Apart from CGLE, SSC also conducts exams at 10+2 level or Higher Secondary level popularly known as Combined Higher Secondary Level (CHSL) Examination. CHSL exam is conducted to recruit mostly Data Entry Operator(DEO), Lower Division Clerk (LDC) or Junior Secretariat Assistant (JSA). Two types of DEO and LDC/JSA is recruited by CHSL one is of X category and other is of Y Category. A candidate who wish to join CSS may select X category either for JSA/LDC or DEO. Y category posts are mostly of non-ministerial and belongs to C&AG, CGA etc organisations.
(ii) Officer in CSS at Group A and Group B(Gazetted) level
Section Officer is a Group B Gazetted post and all Group A officials in the CSS are Under Secretary(US), Deputy Secretary (DS) and Director, Joint Secretary, Additional Secretary and Secretary.
From Section Officer to Deputy Secretary one can reach only by promotion. Normally, ASO reach to the post of Deputy Secretary and Director. If any one recruited at very young age say 21, then he/she might reach up to the post of Joint Secretary which is a decision making posts.
All other Group A posts at the level of Joint Secretary and above are filled on Deputation basis from organisations such as IAS, IPS, IRS etc but mostly selected from IAS.
Recently, Government of India has also introduced a policy in which a professional having expert in a subject can be entered into CSS on contract basis as per the requirement of specialists in the government.
These are the methods or way to enter into Central Secretariat Services.
Santhal Rebellion or Santhal Hul was one of the massive tribal Rebellion held during 1855-56 against the British Government and the Dikus i.e. the outsiders people who were working as Moneylenders, merchants etc. The two brothers Siddhu and Kanhu of Bhaginadih Village were the main leaders of the Santhal Rebellion. Both leaders projected themselves as the Savior or Messiah sent by the gods to remove the suffering of the people!!
Article 1 of the Indian Constitution describes India i.e. Bharat as a Union of States and not a Federation of States. Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar in the debate of Constituent Assembly had explained the difference between a Federation and a Union while justifying India as Union of States. He explained, that USA came into existence by the agreement among the northern and southern states States of USA i.e. here American states by coming together through a compact or agreement created a country. Therefore, USA is example of a Federation. In a Federation a State has right to secede from the Federation. Because of this right, American States had to wage a Civil War for keeping all US States under the Federation as some of the US constituent states wanted to secede from the Federation.
But in the case of India, it is just reverse. After freedom from the British Rule, India came to existence first as a nation and later all the states were created for administrative convenience. By taking example of American Civil War, it was clarified in the Constituent Assembly by Dr. Ambedkar that since India is not a result of agreement among its constituent states and neither any state has right to secede, therefore, India shall be called as " UNION OF STATES".